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QAs.11.93
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1994-10-09
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!-- This document was created from RTF source by rtftohtml version
2.5 -->Q&As
The most frequently asked questions about Hybrid
November 1993
Q1: What is Hybrid's business ?
A1: Hybrid is a supplier of high speed, remote access network services.
Currently, without the solutions provided by Hybrid, the only other cost
effective alternative for remote access is low speed, public switched telephone
network service. High speed remote access services provided by the telephone
companies such as T1 (1.544 Mbps) and partial T1 (e.g., 56 Kbps, 128 Kbps and
256 Kbps) switched digital services are very expensive alternatives to the
Hybrid Access System (HAS) service provided by Hybrid.
Q2: What does Hybrid sell ? What are your products and services ?
A2: Hybrid sells the asymmetric HAS service and its associated products. The
monthly service uses existing TV transmission facilities. No additional wiring
or infrastructure changes are needed to offer the HAS service. To receive the
service, the user needs to buy or lease a remote link adapter (RLA) from
Hybrid. Typically, the service uses standard telephone lines for the remote
user to host network connection.
Q3: Who are Hybrid's main customers ?
A3: Hybrid's main customers are organizations and individuals that need high
speed remote access to centralized networks and databases. They may be
employees of a large company who want to telecommute from their homes. They
could be small companies or schools that need low cost, high speed Internet
access, or they could be individuals who need general high speed remote access
to the Internet networks and databases.
Q4: Why doesn't Hybrid use cable TV upstream channels ?
A4: Hybrid currently doesn't use cable TV upstream channels because (1) most
cable TV operators still do not provide upstream upstream channel capabilities;
and (2) those cable TV systems that provide upstream channel capacity are still
typically limited to a very limited number (2 or 3) of very noisy
upstream channels. Hybrid is developing solutions for two way cable
transmission which will be implemented as cable systems are upgraded to "fiber
to the node" architectures.
Q5: When will it be practical to use cable TV upstream channels ?
A5: High speed cable TV upstream channels will become more common in the next
several years as cable TV operators upgrade their backbone networks with more
optical fiber. As this occurs, cable TV upstream channels can simply be added
to the same Hybrid network as part of a mixed configuration with other Hybrid
upstream channels such as telephone lines, PCN and wireless. As systems are
upgraded, users in some neighborhoods will continue to use telephone lines for
the upstream channel while others will upgrade to cable TV upstream channels.
Q6: Will a Hybrid asymmetric network work with existing protocols and
applications ?
A6: Absolutely. Hybrid has spent over three years testing its asymmetric
network with the most important protocols and applications. Customers can
continue to use all of their software while using the HAS. Hybrid has tested
TCP/IP, NFS, X-Windows, Microsoft and Novell protocols and applications with
excellent results. Hybrid has proved that most applications function as
planned in asymmetric networking athough they were not initially designed for
operation in an asymmetric network.
Q7: How many users can a single cable or wireless channel support ?
A7: The overall capacity of the HAS varies. It depends on the applications, the
number of simultaneous active users and the actual throughput of the
workstation or personal computer at the user's remote location. Assuming
typical local area network-based applications, Hybrid estimates that a single
cable or wireless channel can handle approximately 200 to 300 simultaneous
users.
Q8: If the channel capacity is limited, how can Hybrid support thousands of
simultaneous users ?
A8: The HAS architecture is a modular and cellular based architecture. It uses
addressable broadcast techniques. There are two basic methods used to increase
the HAS channel capacity. (1) Increase the number of HAS channels as the number
of subscribers increases, and (2) divide a particular HAS channel into smaller
cells to reuse the bandwidth of that particular HAS channel. Ultimately, cells
will serve neighborhoods of a few hundred people or even less.
Q9: How can Hybrid compete with the big and established "set top converter"
vendors whom all plan to offer two-way high speed digital transmission over
cable TV ?
A9: Hybrid does not plan to compete head-to-head against these vendors. Their
basic business is to provide compressed video for entertainment applications.
On the other hand, Hybrid's business is to offer generalized high speed remote
access for personal computer and workstation users.
Q10: So, who are Hybrid's main competitors ?
A10: Hybrid is approaching the "last mile" with asymmetric high speed remote
access services. Currently, it is fair to say that no other vendor is
attacking this same market. Therefore, there is no direct competition against
Hybrid. It is a new market area that is still in the process of being
developed. Hybrid plans to enter into strategic relationships in the cable TV
and telephone industry to offer compelling, low cost "last mile" solutions.
Q11: So, who is Hybrid working with ?
A11: Hybrid received a substantial contract from the US Government's Advanced
Research Projects Agency to demonstrate its technology to support the National
Information Infrastructure. Hybrid is also working with a number of other large
corporations.
Q12: How does Hybrid fit in with this latest "interactive television" trend?
A12: There are many aspects of interactive television. Ordering a pay per view
movie, choosing the viewing angle of a certain sporting event, playing along
with game shows and playing video games are just a few examples of
consumer-based interactive television applications. Hybrid's primary focus is
to offer high speed remote access services to home computers. Telecommuting,
high speed Internet access, professional graphics and imaging, software
distribution and delivery of commercial on-line services are examples of
applications that require high speed remote access and are presently supported
by Hybrid's technology.